Links to resources about theory and practice of ecotourism, definitions and what ecotourism means to operators, developers, stakeholders and travellers.

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What is Ecotourism?

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What is Ecotourism?

Many times, when people ask "what is ecotourism?  What does it mean?", the reply more often than not consists of what the respondent believes it isn't.   The collection of resources below is intended as an introduction for stakeholders, tour operators, outdoor guides and travellers, project developers, students and the general travel industry, to the various opinions in the field.

The majority of links below go to external sites. Use your right mouse button to open a new window to these sites, or use your back button to return here. NB Amazon titles will open a new window. NB: Amazon titles will open in a new window.

  • 10 ways to tell if your eco-lodge is really eco! new linkBy Justin Francis, responsibletravel.com. " 'Eco' and 'eco-lodges' have become buzzwords used by both terrific organisations dedicated to conservation and benefitting local people, and those seeking to exploit its marketing potential for economic gain with little or no regard for destinations.  Without getting into the intracies of composting toilets how can the tourist decide between the genuine and the not so genuine? 10 ways to tell if your eco-lodge is really an eco-lodge (rather than just 'greenwashing').
  • What is ecotourism? The Guardian (UK) "Is ecotourism a contradiction in terms? How can places of great natural beauty, or wildlife, be preserved once tourists start visiting in their thousands, bringing with them the need for services and development? Is it possible to have a guilt-free holiday? Can you visit a place without damaging it in some way?" A collection of Guardian reports, articles, stories and advertising features themed around ecotourism. Some items are amusing, while others will evoke a sense of unease which will get you thinking, with most offering useful insights, suggestions and/or links to additional resources.
  • Codes of Conduct, Practice & Operational Guidelines Links, with descriptions, to operator and travellers guidelines for ecotourism, sustainable tourism, outdoor and nature based tourism activities.
  • Ecotourism Accreditation & Certification Programs Links, with descriptions, to various ecotourism and sustainable tourism accreditation and certification programs available in various localities around the world.
  • Ecotourism Association of Australia Code of Practice for Operators Originally developed in the mid '90s, it's been superseded by NEAP, and other geographically localised programs, but for tourism operators wanting a brief bullet style introduction to the concept, it's a good place to start.  You may find that you're already well on the way!
  • Ecotourism Association of Australia (EAA) Guidelines for Ecotourists Published in the mid 1990s, intending "ecotourists" can still benefit from keeping these guidelines in mind when travelling.
  • Ecotourism - Taking Your Next Vacation to New Heights from Wild New Jersey. Lovely introduction to the concept of ecotourism for travellers, from this wonderful site which also features guidelines on appropriate behaviour around marine animals, Recreational Boating Etiquette and Snorkelling/SCUBA Diving guidelines.
  • Educating the Travelling Community and the Investor Presented by Noah Shepard at the 9th PATA Adventure Travel and Ecotourism Conference, Malaysia, 1997.  The potentials and perils of ecotourism in a nutshell, and still one of the most relevant introductory articles on ecotourism available online.
  • Ecotourism: can it save the orangutans?  Inside Indonesia. #51 July- September 1997.  "RACHEL DREWRY investigates ecotourism as a conservation tool. 'We were in the rainforest for fifteen hours and spent eleven of those waist-deep in a swamp looking at orangutans'. Trekking through the swamps and rainforests of Kalimantan may not be everyone's idea of a fun and relaxing holiday, but to an increasing number of ecotourists there is no better way to spend a couple of weeks."
  • Exploring Ecotourism in the Americas: Definitions by Ron Mader, Do we need a definition or should "ecotourism" simply lead by example?
  • Looksmart - Find Articles - News and Society = Ecotourism An excellent service from Looksmart, providing access to articles from magazines worldwide.   Presents a brief excerpt linked to full article, with source, author and date of publication shown, where available.  You can also sort your search by date, relevance, publication name and article length.  If you want more ecotourism related stories, just select "all articles" in the search box, top right of the page and click the "look" (search) button.updated
  • The Challenge of Ecotourism: A Call for Higher Standards by John Shores. " 'Ecotourism' today unfortunately is used as an all-inclusive term. People are using the term so loosely that nearly all travel qualifies. The goal posts are spread so far that every attempt scores a goal. This adversely affects protected areas and biodiversity in several ways." Read John's proposals for "preliminary criteria for defining the Ecotourism Level (EL) of different stages in the greening of the travel system."
  • "There's No Such Thing As Eco-Tourism new linkBy Anneli Rufus, AlterNet. Posted August 14, 2006. "Tourism in the post-9/11, post-colonial era remains a minefield of moral issues -- and living as a sin-free travel writer is damn near impossible." Almost a polemic, funny and biting in places.  Comments for and against.
  • Treading lightly?: ecotourism's impact on the environment. "(Cover Story) Environment, June, 1999, by Martha S. Honey." This article, hosted on Looksmart's findarticles.com, does a thorough study (15 web pages including ref.) of the history and development of "ecotourism" as an industry, with a number of examples, primarily focusing on variable results in Africa.
  • The tour operator's dilemma: Keeping the customer happy while not disturbing the wildlife. Originally presented at the 2002 EAA International Ecotourism Conference in Cairns, Ronda Green asks "... as a tour operator, I really want to know what effect we have on the wildlife. Are our activities gradually affecting the wildlife in ways that will either improve visitor experience or might they ultimately destroy the very things we are trying to show them? Are the animals going to start avoiding the areas we use? Are they going to behave less naturally? Are we likely to cause, however gradually, any changes to their habitat?"
  • The Global Development Research Center (GDRC) distills the essence of "sustainable" and "eco" tourism, and provides a veritable feast of resources to enjoy.  Students and operators will find the Sustainable Tourism Info Sheets useful. "Sustainable tourism in its purest sense, is an industry which attempts to make a low impact on the environment and local culture, while helping to generate income, employment, and the conservation of local ecosystems. It is responsible tourism which is both ecologically and culturally sensitive."

See also Sustainable Design & Management, Development and EnvironmentEcologically Sustainable Development, Ecotourism Associations and Organisations and Ecotourism Papers & Articles